Garlic is a common staple in so many kitchens, yet for others, it is an unlikely culprit in causing allergies. While garlic allergies are relatively rare, they manifest themselves in varying ways, so it’s necessary to recognize symptoms and watch for potential reactions with other members of the allium family, such as onions and leeks.
Symptoms of an allergy to garlic can be mild or fairly severe. You may experience skin issues such as hives, redness, or swelling upon contact with garlic. Others also experience difficulty breathing, with symptoms similar to asthma, such as wheezing or shortness of breath. You may also experience gastrointestinal issues such as nausea or abdominal pain. In the worst cases, anaphylaxis — a condition that requires urgent medical attention — can be triggered by garlic.
The underlying cause of garlic allergies is the immune system responding to certain chemicals in garlic, particularly alliin lyase enzymes. These enzymes disintegrate into allicin, a sulfur-containing compound that may trigger allergic reactions. It’s helpful to note that garlic intolerance is not the same as an allergy. Intolerance will only impact digestion, causing symptoms such as bloating or gas, and tends to be less severe than an allergic reaction.
If you suspect that you’re allergic to garlic, it’s best to consult a health professional. They can do tests such as skin prick tests or blood tests to determine for certain. Sometimes, they may also recommend an elimination diet to see precisely what is causing the issue.
If you must avoid garlic, cooking can seem a bit daunting initially. But there are numerous options to make your meals flavorful. Experiment with spices such as cumin, paprika, or horseradish to introduce some punch. Fresh ingredients such as ginger, celery, or bell peppers can add sweetness and fragrance. Lemon juice or a dash of wine in marinades can also be used to enhance flavor without garlic.
The second thing to be aware of is cross-reactivity. Because garlic belongs to the allium group, individuals who are allergic to garlic may also be allergic to onions, chives, or shallots. If you’ve been diagnosed as having a garlic allergy, you should consider asking your doctor whether you should exclude these foods as well.
Being aware of the symptoms of a garlic allergy and knowing how to substitute other ingredients can allow you to continue to enjoy great food without jeopardizing your health. If you ever experience symptoms following consumption or handling of garlic, don’t wait — it’s always best to consult with a healthcare professional.
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